米国の防衛と外交の二人のトップが同時に日本に来ている。これは初めてだという。マスコミを含め、アメリカに大事されて、なにやら嬉しがっているような日本・・。
先日職場である聞き取りをした。白人 黒人 ヒスパニック、このオフィスはバランスがいい。そしてフロアーにも行き、きっかり100人に聞いた。質問は「あなたは日米安全保障条約を知っていますか」。知っていたのは100人中２人だった。
彼らは海軍出身のイタリア系のSP先物とレーダー。80年代後半、三沢に配属された理由を漠然と聞いていたらしい。
そもそもシカゴの先物関係者に日本嫌いは殆どいない。皆日本は友好国だと思っている。もし日本が攻撃されれば、米国が助ける事に違和感はないだろう。しかしそれは条約があるからではなく、友人としてだ。
マーケットコメンテーターとして一流の、CNBCのリックやジェフも日米安保条約のことは知らなかった。これがアメリカの実態である。日本はまずこの事実を知るべきだろう。
では日本人は、日米安全保障条約を知っているといえるのか。殆どの社会人は知っていると答えるだろう。でもその多くは漠然と知っているに過ぎないと思う。特に若い世代がどの程度知っているかは疑問だ。
日本語でSECURITYは安全保障という漢字を使う。しかし平和な日本で暮らすと、感覚的には、安全保障は安全保証になっているのではないか。
そこで1951年判と1960の改訂版の日米安全保障条約の英語原文を添付した。英語原文を読めば、アメリカがこの新旧の条約をどう考えてきたを感じる事ができる。
1951年では朝鮮戦争が勃発し、米国は慌てて日本に対する方針を変えた事がよくわかる。この原版では日本はまだ米国の庇護の下にあることが強調されている。一方で1960年版は、国連の枠組みを重視しつつ、「同盟関係」が強調されている。
そこには条約の目的達成のためには、一緒に攻め、一緒に守るとある。そして最も重要な点は、60年版には経済の同盟が明確に設定されていることだ（改訂版第二条）。
つまりこの条約がある限り、TPPで日本の単独の国益などあり得ない。もしそれが嫌なら日本は安全保証条約そのものを見直す覚悟が必要だ。そんなことは殆どの日本は意識せずに、TPPを議論している。
いうまでもなく安倍総理のお爺さんはこの1960年版の当事者だ。これまでの総理をみていると、究極の目的は、日本人に日米安全保障条約の本当の意味を教えることのように感じられる。個人的には、ソレは総理として正しい姿勢だと思う。
なぜなら日本が勝手に解釈していると、いずれ政権の意図とは別にアメリカ人は怒る可能性がある。友人だから困った時は助ける。だが不平等な条約の存在は別。日本が勝手にこの条約を解釈しているとアメリカの国民は納得しない。日本人がステップアップしないなら廃止を求めるだろう。
今この条約に期限はない。それは永遠でもあり、明日破棄されることもあるということ。条約破棄には双方の政権の同意が必要とある。政権だけを見ていて安心していると、日本は米国の方向性をまた見誤るだろう。それがアメリカのデモクラシーである。
いずれにしても、アメリカのことは知っているという日本の思い込みは危険である。ここまで日本がアメリカに対して盲目になった責任は、安倍総理のおじいさんの時代に遡る。
ならば安倍総理には日本の背骨を立て直す使命がある。そのためには、敢えて邪道のアベノミクスをこんなところで頓挫させてはならない・・
＜1951年版＞
Japan has this day signed a Treaty of Peace with the Allied Powers. On the coming into force of that Treaty, Japan will not have the effective means to exercise its inherent right of self-defense because it has been disarmed.
There is danger to Japan in this situation because irresponsible militarism has not yet been driven from the world. Therefore Japan desires a Security Treaty with the United States of America to come into force simultaneously with the Treaty of Peace between the United States of America and Japan.
There is danger to Japan in this situation because irresponsible militarism has not yet been driven from the world. Therefore Japan desires a Security Treaty with the United States of America to come into force simultaneously with the Treaty of Peace between the United States of America and Japan.
The Treaty of Peace recognizes that Japan as a sovereign nation has the right to enter into collective security arrangements, and further, the Charter of the United Nations recognizes that all nations possess an inherent right of individual and collective self-defense.
In exercise of these rights, Japan desires, as a provisional arrangement for its defense, that the United States of America should maintain armed forces of its own in and about Japan so as to deter armed attack upon Japan.
The United States of America, in the interest of peace and security, is presently willing to maintain certain of its armed forces in and about Japan, in the expectation, however, that Japan will itself increasingly assume responsibility for its own defense against direct and indirect aggression, always avoiding any armament which could be an offensive threat or serve other than to promote peace and security in accordance with the purposes and principles of the United Nations Charter.
Accordingly, the two countries have agreed as follows:
Article I[edit]
Japan grants , and the United States of America accepts, the right, upon the coming into force of the Treaty of Peace and of this Treaty, to dispose United States land, air and sea forces in and about Japan. Such forces may be utilized to contribute to the maintenance of international peace and security in the Far East and to the security of Japan against armed attack from without, including assistance given at the express request of the Japanese Government to put down largescale internal riots and disturbances in Japan, caused through instigation or intervention by an outside power or powers.
Article II[edit]
During the exercise of the right referred to in Article I, Japan will not grant, without the prior consent of the United States of America, any bases or any rights, powers or authority whatsoever, in or relating to bases or the right of garrison or of maneuver, or transit of ground, air or naval forces to any third power.
Article III[edit]
The conditions which shall govern the disposition of armed forces of the United States of America in and about Japan shall be determined by administrative agreements between the two Governments.
Article IV[edit]
This Treaty shall expire whenever in the opinion of the Governments of the United States of America and Japan there shall have come into force such United Nations arrangements or such alternative individual or collective security dispositions as will satisfactorily provide for the maintenance by the United Nations or otherwise of international peace and security in the Japan Area.
Article V[edit]
This Treaty shall be ratified by the United States of America and Japan and will come into force when instruments of ratification thereof have been exchanged by them at Washington.
Signatories
＜ 1960 改訂版 ＞
Japan-U.S. Security Treaty
TREATY OF MUTUAL COOPERATION AND SECURITY BETWEEN JAPAN AND THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
ARTICLE I
The Parties undertake, as set forth in the Charter of the United Nations, to settle any international disputes in which they may be involved by peaceful means in such a manner that international peace and security and justice are not endangered and to refrain in their international relations from the threat or use of force against the territorial integrity or political independence of any state, or in any other manner inconsistent with the purposes of the United Nations. The Parties will endeavor in concert with other peace-loving countries to strengthen the United Nations so that its mission of maintaining international peace and security may be discharged more effectively.
ARTICLE II
The Parties will contribute toward the further development of peaceful and friendly international relations by strengthening their free institutions, by bringing about a better understanding of the principles upon which these institutions are founded, and by promoting conditions of stability and well-being. They will seek to eliminate conflict in their international economic policies and will encourage economic collaboration between them.
ARTICLE III
The Parties, individually and in cooperation with each other, by means of continuous and effective self-help and mutual aid will maintain and develop, subject to their constitutional provisions, their capacities to resist armed attack.
ARTICLE IV
The Parties will consult together from time to time regarding the implementation of this Treaty, and, at the request of either Party, whenever the security of Japan or international peace and security in the Far East is threatened.
ARTICLE V
Each Party recognizes that an armed attack against either Party in the territories under the administration of Japan would be dangerous to its own peace and safety and declares that it would act to meet the common danger in accordance with its constitutional provisions and processes. Any such armed attack and all measures taken as a result thereof shall be immediately reported to the Security Council of the United Nations in accordance with the provisions of Article 51 of the Charter. Such measures shall be terminated when the Security Council has taken the measures necessary to restore and maintain international peace and security.
ARTICLE VI
For the purpose of contributing to the security of Japan and the maintenance of international peace and security in the Far East, the United States of America is granted the use by its land, air and naval forces of facilities and areas in Japan. The use of these facilities and areas as well as the status of United States armed forces in Japan shall be governed by a separate agreement, replacing the Administrative Agreement under Article III of the Security Treaty between Japan and the United States of America, signed at Tokyo on February 28, 1952, as amended, and by such other arrangements as may be agreed upon.
ARTICLE VII
This Treaty does not affect and shall not be interpreted as affecting in any way the rights and obligations of the Parties under the Charter of the United Nations or the responsibility of the United Nations for the maintenance of international peace and security.
ARTICLE VIII
This Treaty shall be ratified by Japan and the United States of America in accordance with their respective constitutional processes and will enter into force on the date on which the instruments of ratification thereof have been exchanged by them in Tokyo.
ARTICLE IX
ARTICLE X
This Treaty shall remain in force until in the opinion of the Governments of Japan and the United States of America there shall have come into force such United Nations arrangements as will satisfactorily provide for the maintenance of international peace and security in the Japan area. However, after the Treaty has been in force for ten years, either Party may give notice to the other Party of its intention to terminate the Treaty, in which case the Treaty shall terminate one year after such notice has been given.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF the undersigned Plenipotentiaries have signed this Treaty.
DONE in duplicate at Washington in the Japanese and English languages, both equally authentic, this 19th day of January, 1960.
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